From: <Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 7>
Subject: Social Skills Programs: An Examination of Methods and Effectiveness
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:16:30 -0600
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		var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW=0A=
		win =3D window.open( =
MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=3D0,left=3D0," + =
"width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );=0A=
		if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )=0A=
			win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;=0A=
	}=0A=
	else=0A=
	{=0A=
		win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );=0A=
		if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )=0A=
			win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function ToggleVNarration()=0A=
{=0A=
	rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")=0A=
	if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {=0A=
		if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )=0A=
			rObj.Play()=0A=
		else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )=0A=
			rObj.Pause()=0A=
		else=0A=
			return;=0A=
	}=0A=
	else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )=0A=
	{=0A=
		narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")=0A=
		if( narObj )=0A=
			narObj.togglePause()=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetCurSldNum()=0A=
{   =0A=
	obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)=0A=
	if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )=0A=
		return obj.mSldIdx=0A=
	else   =0A=
		return gCurSld=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetNumSlds()=0A=
{   =0A=
	if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )=0A=
		return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;=0A=
	else=0A=
		return GetSldList().mList.length=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetSldNum( href )=0A=
{=0A=
	for(ii=3D0; ii<GetSldList().mList.length; ii++) {=0A=
		if ( GetSldList().mList[ii].mSldHref =3D=3D href )=0A=
			return ii+1=0A=
	}=0A=
	return 1=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetHrefObj( sldIdx ){ return GetSldList().mList[sldIdx-1] }=0A=
=0A=
function IsFramesMode(){ return ( SCREEN_MODE =3D=3D "Frames" ) }=0A=
=0A=
function IsFullScrMode(){ return ( SCREEN_MODE =3D=3D "FullScreen" ) }=0A=
=0A=
function GoToNextSld()=0A=
{=0A=
	ii=3DgCurSld + 1=0A=
	if( GetHrefObj( ii-1 ).mOrigVis =3D=3D 0 ) {=0A=
		if( ii<=3DGetSldList().mList.length ) {=0A=
			obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)=0A=
			obj.mVis=3D1=0A=
			GoToSldNum(ii)=0A=
			return=0A=
		}=0A=
	}=0A=
	else {=0A=
		obj=3DGetHrefObj( ii )=0A=
		while ( obj && ( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 0 ) )=0A=
			obj=3DGetHrefObj(++ii)=0A=
		if( obj && obj.mOrigVis ) {=0A=
			GoToSldNum(ii)=0A=
			return=0A=
		}=0A=
	}=0A=
	if( gSldStack.length > 1 )=0A=
		PopSldList();=0A=
	else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {=0A=
                if( gLoopCont )=0A=
			GoToFirst()=0A=
                else=0A=
			EndShow()=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GoToPrevSld()=0A=
{=0A=
	ii=3DgCurSld-1=0A=
	if( ii > 0 ) {=0A=
		obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)=0A=
		while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )=0A=
			obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)=0A=
        if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1=0A=
		GoToSldNum(ii)=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }=0A=
=0A=
function GoToLast()=0A=
{=0A=
	ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length=0A=
	if( ii !=3D gCurSld )=0A=
		GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GoToSldNum( num )=0A=
{=0A=
	if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue=0A=
	obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )=0A=
	obj.mVis=3D1=0A=
	gPrevSld=3DgCurSld=0A=
	gCurSld =3D num;=0A=
	=0A=
	if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")=0A=
		=
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref=
))=0A=
	else=0A=
		PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref)=0A=
		=0A=
	if( IsFramesMode() ) {=0A=
		UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GoToSld( href )=0A=
{=0A=
	if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue=0A=
	GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1=0A=
	if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")=0A=
		PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href))=0A=
	else=0A=
		PPTSld.location.replace(href)=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function SldUpdated( id )=0A=
{=0A=
	if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return=0A=
	gPrevSld=3DgCurSld=0A=
	gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)=0A=
	if( IsFramesMode() ) {=0A=
		UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }=0A=
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && =
GetHrefObj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }=0A=
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }=0A=
=0A=
function CloseWindow() {=0A=
	if( HideMenu() ) return;=0A=
	=0A=
	var event =3D PPTSld.event;=0A=
	if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || =
event.keyCode=3D=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )=0A=
		window.close( self );=0A=
	CatchNumKeys( self, event );=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }=0A=
=0A=
function SetupEndShow() {=0A=
	gIsEndShow=3D1;=0A=
	PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";=0A=
	PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;=0A=
	PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;=0A=
	PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function EndShow()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( IsFramesMode() ) return=0A=
	if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue=0A=
=0A=
	doc=3DPPTSld.document=0A=
	var dir =3D doc.body.dir=0A=
	if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";=0A=
	doc.open()=0A=
	doc.writeln('<html><body dir=3D' + dir + ' bgcolor=3Dblack =
onload=3Dparent.SetupEndShow() =
onunload=3Dparent.Unload()><center><p><font face=3DTahoma color=3Dwhite =
size=3D2><br><b>' + ENDSHOW_MESG + =
'</b></font></p></center></body></html>')=0A=
	doc.close()=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue }=0A=
=0A=
function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited }=0A=
=0A=
function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk )=0A=
{=0A=
	this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref=0A=
	this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible=0A=
	this.mVisited=3D false=0A=
	this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay=0A=
	this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd)=0A=
{=0A=
	this.mCurSld =3D curSld;=0A=
	this.mList =3D new Array();=0A=
=0A=
	var idx =3D 1;=0A=
	for(ii=3D0;ii<arr.length;ii++) {=0A=
		this.mList[ii] =3D new hrefList( arr[ii].mSldHref, arr[ii].mOrigVis, =
arr[ii].mAdvDelay, arr[ii].mAdvOnClk );=0A=
		if( arr[ii].mOrigVis )=0A=
			this.mList[ii].mSldIdx =3D idx++;=0A=
	}=0A=
	this.mNumVisSlds =3D idx-1;=0A=
	this.fEndShow =3D fEnd;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetSldList() {	return gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] }=0A=
function GetCurSld() { return parent.GetSldList().mList[parent.gCurSld - =
1] }=0A=
=0A=
gSldStack =3D new Array();=0A=
gSldStack[0] =3D new SldList(gMainDoc,gCurSld,1)=0A=
function ToggleOtlPane()=0A=
{=0A=
	frmset=3Ddocument.all("PPTHorizAdjust")=0A=
	frm=3Ddocument.all("PPTOtl")=0A=
=0A=
	if( gOtlOpen )=0A=
		frmset.cols=3D"*,100%"=0A=
	else=0A=
		frmset.cols=3D"25%,*"=0A=
=0A=
	gOtlOpen=3D!gOtlOpen=0A=
	frm.noResize=3D!frm.noResize=0A=
	UpdOtNavPane()=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function ToggleNtsPane()=0A=
{=0A=
	frmset=3Ddocument.all("PPTVertAdjust")=0A=
	frm=3Ddocument.all("PPTNts")=0A=
=0A=
	if( gNtsOpen )=0A=
		frmset.rows=3D"100%,*"=0A=
	else=0A=
		frmset.rows=3D"*,20%"=0A=
=0A=
	gNtsOpen=3D!gNtsOpen=0A=
	UpdNtsPane()=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
/*********************************************=0A=
Custom Shows implementation=0A=
=0A=
When ViewCustomShow() is called, we create=0A=
a new array that is a subset of the slides in =0A=
the main doc. This list pushed on a stack so=0A=
we can return after the end of the custom=0A=
show.=0A=
*********************************************/=0A=
function ViewCustomShow(idx,fEnd)=0A=
{=0A=
	if( !IsFullScrMode() ) return;=0A=
	var sldList =3D new Array();=0A=
	var custShow =3D custShowList[idx-1];=0A=
	var jj =3D 0;=0A=
	for( ii=3D0;ii<custShow.length;ii++ ) {=0A=
		if( custShow[ii] <=3D gMainDoc.length )=0A=
			sldList[jj++] =3D gMainDoc[custShow[ii]-1];=0A=
	}=0A=
	if (sldList.length > 0) {=0A=
	PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);=0A=
	gCurSld =3D 1;=0A=
	}=0A=
	else=0A=
		if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {=0A=
	var ii =3D gSldStack.length;=0A=
	gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);=0A=
	GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function PopSldList() {=0A=
	if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)=0A=
		EndShow()=0A=
	else {=0A=
	gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;=0A=
	gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;=0A=
	gSldStack.length--;=0A=
	var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];=0A=
	GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();=0A=
=0A=
/*********************************************=0A=
 Navigation button implementation=0A=
=0A=
 There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn=0A=
 implemented as function objects. They share=0A=
 a similiar interface so the event handlers=0A=
 can call SetActive, for example, on a button =0A=
 object without needing to know exactly =0A=
 what type of button it is.=0A=
**********************************************/=0A=
=0A=
//----------------------------------=0A=
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )=0A=
//----------------------------------=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	t.Perform    =3D _IBP=0A=
	t.SetActive  =3D _IBSetA=0A=
	t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI=0A=
	t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP=0A=
	t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD=0A=
	t.Enabled    =3D _IBSetE=0A=
	t.ChangeIcon =3D null=0A=
	t.UserAction =3D action=0A=
	t.ChgState   =3D _IBUI=0A=
	t.mObjId   =3D oId=0A=
	t.mBorderId=3D bId=0A=
	t.mWidth   =3D w=0A=
	t.mIsOn    =3D t.mCurState =3D 0=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBSetA()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( this.mIsOn ) {=0A=
		obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )=0A=
		obj.style.posTop=3D0=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBSetI()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( this.mIsOn ) {=0A=
		obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )=0A=
		obj.style.posTop=3D0 =0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBSetP()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( this.mIsOn ) {=0A=
		obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )=0A=
		obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBSetD()=0A=
{  =0A=
	obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )=0A=
	obj.style.posTop=3D0 =0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBSetE( state )=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"=0A=
	if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {=0A=
		t.mIsOn=3Dstate=0A=
		if( state )=0A=
			t.SetInactive()=0A=
		else=0A=
			t.SetDisabled()=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBP()=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	if( t.mIsOn ) {=0A=
		if( t.UserAction !=3D null )=0A=
			t.UserAction()=0A=
		if( t.ChangeIcon ) {=0A=
			obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)=0A=
			if( t.ChangeIcon() )=0A=
				obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth=0A=
			else=0A=
				obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth=0A=
		}=0A=
		t.SetActive()=0A=
	}  =0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )=0A=
	obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )=0A=
	=
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-ob=
j.style.posTop=0A=
	t.mCurState=3DnextState=0A=
	return obj=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
//-----------------------------------------=0A=
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )=0A=
//-----------------------------------------=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	t.Perform    =3D _TBP=0A=
	t.SetActive  =3D _TBSetA=0A=
	t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI=0A=
	t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP=0A=
	t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD=0A=
	t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE=0A=
	t.GetState   =3D chkState=0A=
	t.UserAction =3D action=0A=
	t.ChgState   =3D _TBUI=0A=
	t.mObjId      =3D oId=0A=
	t.m_elementsId=3D oeId=0A=
	t.mIsOn       =3D 1=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBSetA()=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )=0A=
		t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBSetI()=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )=0A=
		t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBSetP()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( this.mIsOn )=0A=
		this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBSetD()=0A=
{   =0A=
	this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )=0A=
	this.mIsOn =3D 0=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBSetE()=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	if( !t.GetState() )=0A=
		t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )=0A=
	else=0A=
		t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )=0A=
	t.mIsOn =3D 1=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBP()=0A=
{=0A=
	var t=3Dthis=0A=
	if( t.mIsOn ) { =0A=
		if( t.UserAction !=3D null )=0A=
			t.UserAction()=0A=
        if( !t.GetState )=0A=
            return=0A=
		if( t.GetState() )=0A=
			t.SetPressed()=0A=
		else=0A=
			t.SetActive()=0A=
	}  =0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )=0A=
{=0A=
	SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )=0A=
	Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; =
obj.style.left=3Dleft }=0A=
=0A=
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )=0A=
{=0A=
	s=3Dobj.style;=0A=
	s.borderStyle      =3D "solid"=0A=
	s.borderWidth      =3D 1 =0A=
	s.borderLeftColor  =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft=0A=
	s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }=0A=
=0A=
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }=0A=
=0A=
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }=0A=
=0A=
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }=0A=
=0A=
function BtnOnUp()=0A=
{=0A=
	b=3DGetBtnObj()=0A=
	if( b !=3D null )=0A=
		b.Perform()=0A=
	else=0A=
		Upd()=0A=
}=0A=
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }=0A=
=0A=
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }=0A=
=0A=
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }=0A=
=0A=
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )=0A=
{=0A=
	s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style=0A=
	s.display=3D"none"=0A=
	if( fVal )=0A=
		s.display=3D""=0A=
	else=0A=
		s.display=3D"none"=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) =
b.SetActive() }=0A=
=0A=
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) =
b.SetInactive() }=0A=
=0A=
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) =
b.SetPressed() }=0A=
=0A=
function _BSetA_BorderImg()=0A=
{ =0A=
	b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] =0A=
	if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {=0A=
		obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )=0A=
		obj.style.posTop=3D0=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _BSetI_BorderImg()=0A=
{ =0A=
	b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=0A=
	if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {=0A=
		obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )=0A=
		obj.style.posTop=3D0=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
var =
gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"TH=
REEDFACE"=0A=
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPane,GetOtlState )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPane,GetOtlState )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleNtsPane )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_prev","nb_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_next","nb_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent.FullScreen )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",parent.FullScreen,null )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( =
"nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent.FullScreen,null )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_voice","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( =
"nb_otlTxt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag=0A=
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState=0A=
=0A=
/*********************************************=0A=
 Context menu implementation=0A=
=0A=
 _CM() is the function that's hooked up to=0A=
 the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to=0A=
 show the menu, we first build it by creating=0A=
 DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it =0A=
 within the screen area so it doesn't get=0A=
 clipped.=0A=
=0A=
 Creating the DIVs using createElement() means=0A=
 we don't have to write out any extra HTML=0A=
 into the slide HTML files.=0A=
**********************************************/=0A=
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End =
Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sArrow=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Re=
ctangle",sOval=3D"Oval"=0A=
=0A=
function ShowMenu()=0A=
{=0A=
	BuildMenu();=0A=
	var =
doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=3DPP=
TSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop=0A=
	m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")=0A=
	m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx=0A=
	if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )=0A=
		m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth=0A=
=0A=
	m.style.pixelTop=3Dy=0A=
	if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )=0A=
		m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight=0A=
=0A=
	m.style.display=3D""=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function _CM()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;=0A=
	if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {=0A=
		ShowMenu()=0A=
		return false=0A=
	} else=0A=
		HideMenu()=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function BuildMenu()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return=0A=
=0A=
	var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )=0A=
	mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"=0A=
	mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"=0A=
	var s=3DmObj.style=0A=
	s.position=3D"absolute"=0A=
	s.cursor=3D"default"=0A=
	s.width=3D"120px"=0A=
	SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")=0A=
=0A=
	var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )=0A=
	SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )=0A=
	iObj.style.padding=3D2=0A=
	CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )=0A=
	CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )=0A=
	=0A=
	CreateSeparator( iObj )=0A=
	CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )=0A=
	mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; =
window.event.returnValue=3Dfalse }=0A=
=0A=
function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") }=0A=
=0A=
function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") }=0A=
=0A=
function Perform()=0A=
{=0A=
	e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement=0A=
	if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() )=0A=
		e.Action()=0A=
	else=0A=
		PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue=0A=
}=0A=
function ChangeClr( bg,clr )=0A=
{=0A=
	e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement=0A=
	if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) {=0A=
		e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg=0A=
		e.style.color=3Dclr=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) }=0A=
=0A=
function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() }=0A=
=0A=
function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; =
history.back(); PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() }=0A=
=0A=
function M_True() { return true }=0A=
=0A=
function M_End() { window.close( self ) }=0A=
=0A=
function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval )=0A=
{=0A=
	var e=3DCreateItem( node )=0A=
	e.type=3D"menuitem"=0A=
	e.Action=3Daction=0A=
	e.IsActive=3Deval=0A=
	e.innerHTML=3Dtext=0A=
=0A=
	if( !e.IsActive() )=0A=
		e.style.color=3D"threedshadow"=0A=
=0A=
	e.onclick=3DPerform=0A=
	e.onmouseover=3DHighlight=0A=
	e.onmouseout=3DDeselect=0A=
	s=3De.style;=0A=
	s.fontFamily=3DsFont=0A=
	s.fontSize=3D"9pt"=0A=
	s.paddingLeft=3D2=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function CreateSeparator( node )=0A=
{=0A=
	var sObj=3DCreateItem( node )=0A=
	SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu")=0A=
	var s=3DsObj.style=0A=
	s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow"=0A=
	s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight"=0A=
	s.height=3D1=0A=
	s.fontSize=3D"0px"=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function CreateItem( node )=0A=
{=0A=
	var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV")=0A=
	node.insertBefore( elem )=0A=
	return elem=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr )=0A=
{=0A=
	var s=3Do.style=0A=
	s.backgroundColor=3D"menu"=0A=
	s.borderStyle=3D"solid"=0A=
	s.borderWidth=3D1=0A=
	s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr=0A=
}
------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C8F320.6923B530
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_001_001D_01C8F320.69284910"


------=_NextPart_001_001D_01C8F320.69284910
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	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/frame.htm

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Frameset//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Social Skills Programs: An Examination of Methods and =
Effectiveness</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dwindows-1252">
<META content=3DPowerPoint.Slide name=3DProgId>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.5730.11" name=3DGENERATOR><LINK =
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<SCRIPT>=0A=
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{=0A=
	str=3Dunescape(document.location.hash),idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#')=0A=
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frameSpacing=3D1 onload=3DLoad() cols=3D25%,*><FRAME=20
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noResize scrolling=3Dno><FRAME title=3D"Slide&#10;Navigation Bar" =
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src=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/outl=
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noResize scrolling=3Dno></FRAMESET></FRAMESET></HTML>

------=_NextPart_001_001D_01C8F320.69284910
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	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/outline.htm

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dwindows-1252">
<META content=3DPowerPoint.Slide name=3DProgId>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.5730.11" name=3DGENERATOR><LINK =
id=3DMain-File=20
href=3D"../4960%20ppt%20example%202.htm" rel=3DMain-File><LINK =
href=3D"preview.wmf"=20
rel=3DPreview>
<META content=3DNoIndex name=3DRobots>
<SCRIPT=20
src=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/scri=
pt.js"></SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT><!--=0A=
=0A=
if( !(IsWin("PPTOtl")||IsWin("PPTNav")||IsWin("PPTOtlNav")) )=0A=
{=0A=
	obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")=0A=
	parent.location.href=3Dobj.href=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
var =
gOtlHiliteClr=3D"#ffffff",gOtlNormalClr=3D"#000000",gOtlActiveClr=3D"#fff=
f00",gSelected=3D"",gTxtState=3Dfalse,gChildEntryTable=3Dnew Array()=0A=
=0A=
function Load()=0A=
{=0A=
	if( IsWin("PPTOtl" ) ){ LoadOtl(); parent.gOtlLoaded=3Dtrue; return }=0A=
	if( g_supportsPPTHTML ) {=0A=
		if( IsWin("PPTNav" ) ){ LoadNav("NavObj",UpdNav); =
parent.gNavLoaded=3Dtrue; return }=0A=
		if( IsWin("PPTOtlNav" ) ){ LoadNav("OtlNavObj",UpdOtlNav); =
parent.gOtlNavLoaded=3Dtrue; return }=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
function Upd(){ if( IsWin("PPTNav") ) LoadNav("NavObj",UpdNav) }=0A=
function LoadNav( oId,UpdFunc )=0A=
{=0A=
	document.ondragstart=3DCancelDrag=0A=
	document.onselectstart=3DCancelDrag=0A=
	document.body.style.margin=3D2=0A=
	UpdFunc()=0A=
	obj=3Ddocument.all.item(oId)=0A=
	obj.style.display=3D"block"=0A=
	obj.style.visibility=3D"visible"=0A=
	document.bgColor=3D"threedface"=0A=
=0A=
	if( parent.frames["PPTNts"] )=0A=
		notesBtn.style.display =3D ""=0A=
	if( parent.gHasNarration )=0A=
		nb_voiceBorder.style.display =3D ""=0A=
}=0A=
function LoadOtl()=0A=
{=0A=
	var otl=3DGetObj("OtlObj")=0A=
	otl.style.display=3D"block"=0A=
	otl.style.visibility=3D"visible"=0A=
	if( gOtlActiveClr =3D=3D "" ) gOtlActiveClr=3Ddocument.linkColor=0A=
	if( gOtlHiliteClr =3D=3D "" ) gOtlHiliteClr=3Ddocument.fgColor=0A=
	if( gOtlNormalClr =3D=3D "" )=0A=
		gOtlNormalClr=3Ddocument.bgColor=0A=
	else=0A=
		document.bgColor=3DgOtlNormalClr  =0A=
=0A=
	InitArray()=0A=
=0A=
	if( ObjExists( parent.gCurSld ) ) {=0A=
		ChangeState( parent.gCurSld,gOtlNormalClr,gOtlHiliteClr )=0A=
		gSelected=3Dparent.gCurSld=0A=
	}=0A=
	else gSelected =3D -1=0A=
=0A=
	UpdOtl()=0A=
}=0A=
function UpdOtl(){ UpdIdx(parent.gCurSld) }=0A=
function UpdIdx( idx )=0A=
{=0A=
	if( gSelected !=3D idx ) {=0A=
		if( gSelected > 0 )=0A=
			ChangeState( gSelected,gOtlHiliteClr,gOtlNormalClr )=0A=
=0A=
		if( ObjExists( idx ) ) {=0A=
			gSelected =3D idx=0A=
			ChangeState( gSelected,gOtlNormalClr,gOtlHiliteClr )=0A=
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	}=0A=
=0A=
	if( gTxtState !=3D parent.gOtlTxtExp ) {=0A=
		state =3D "block"=0A=
		if( !parent.gOtlTxtExp )=0A=
			state=3D"none"=0A=
=0A=
		for(ii=3D0; ii<gChildEntryTable.length; ii++) {=0A=
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=0A=
			if( obj.id.indexOf("PPTC") >=3D 0 )=0A=
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		} =0A=
		gTxtState=3Dparent.gOtlTxtExp=0A=
		if( ObjExists( gSelected ) )=0A=
			ChangeState( gSelected,gOtlNormalClr,gOtlHiliteClr )=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
function InitArray()=0A=
{=0A=
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	var list=3DGetTags(document,"DIV");=0A=
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=0A=
		if( obj.id.indexOf("PPTC") >=3D 0 )  =0A=
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}=0A=
function ChangeState( idx,fgColor,bgColor )=0A=
{=0A=
	obj=3DGetObj("PPTL"+idx)=0A=
	obj.style.color=3DfgColor=0A=
=0A=
	obj=3DGetObj("PPTP"+idx)=0A=
	obj.style.backgroundColor=3DbgColor=0A=
}=0A=
function ChgClr( o,clr ){ if( o.id !=3D "PPTL"+gSelected ) =
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function Over( src ){ ChgClr(GetLink(src),gOtlActiveClr) }=0A=
function Out( src ){ ChgClr(GetLink(src),gOtlHiliteClr) }=0A=
function Follow(src){ window.location.href =3D GetLink(src).href; }=0A=
function ObjExists( ii ) { obj=3DGetObj("PPTP"+ii ); return( obj ) }=0A=
function GoToSld( href ){ UpdIdx(parent.GetSldNum(href)); =
parent.GoToSld( href ) }=0A=
function CancelDrag(){ =
window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue;window.event.returnValue=3Dfalse}=0A=
function GetLink(src)=0A=
{=0A=
   if(src.tagName=3D=3D"A") return src=0A=
   else return GetTags(src,"A").item(0)=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function UpdNav()=0A=
{=0A=
	txt =3D "<center>";=0A=
	if( parent.GetHrefObj( parent.gCurSld ).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )=0A=
		txt +=3D "Slide " + parent.GetCurSldNum() + " of " + =
parent.GetNumSlds()=0A=
	else=0A=
		txt +=3D "Hidden Slide"=0A=
	txt +=3D "</center>";=0A=
	nav_text.innerHTML =3D txt;=0A=
=0A=
	if( !parent.HasPrevSld() )=0A=
		gBtnArr["nb_prev"].Enabled(0)=0A=
	else=0A=
		gBtnArr["nb_prev"].Enabled(1)=0A=
=0A=
	if( !parent.HasNextSld() )=0A=
		gBtnArr["nb_next"].Enabled(0)=0A=
	else=0A=
		gBtnArr["nb_next"].Enabled(1)=0A=
	gBtnArr["nb_nts"].Enabled(1)=0A=
	gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag( parent.gHasNts )=0A=
=0A=
	gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"].Enabled(1)=0A=
	gBtnArr["nb_voice"].Enabled(1)=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
function ExecBtn()=0A=
{=0A=
	if (event.keyCode =3D=3D 13)=0A=
	{=0A=
		BtnOnDown();=0A=
		BtnOnUp();=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
function UpdOtlNav()=0A=
{=0A=
	gBtnArr["nb_otl"].SetEnabled();=0A=
=0A=
	if( parent.gOtlOpen )=0A=
		gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].Enabled( true );=0A=
	else=0A=
		document.all.item("nb_otlTxtBorder").style.visibility =3D "hidden";=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//--></SCRIPT>

<STYLE>.PTxt {
	MARGIN-TOP: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; WIDTH: 100%; =
POSITION: relative
}
.CTxt {
	MARGIN-TOP: 5px; WIDTH: 100%; POSITION: relative
}
A {
	COLOR: white; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
UL {
	MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; COLOR: white
}
.sldNum {
	MARGIN-TOP: 5px; COLOR: white
}
.button {
	BORDER-RIGHT: buttonface 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: buttonface 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: buttonface 1px solid; WIDTH: 32px; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
buttonface 1px solid; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 20px
}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY style=3D"MARGIN: 2px" onload=3DLoad()>
<DIV onmouseup=3DBtnOnUp() onkeypress=3DExecBtn() =
onmousedown=3DBtnOnDown() id=3DNavObj=20
onmouseover=3DBtnOnOver() style=3D"DISPLAY: none; VISIBILITY: hidden"=20
onmouseout=3DBtnOnOut() onload=3D"Load()">
<TABLE id=3DnotesBtn style=3D"DISPLAY: none; WIDTH: 55px; POSITION: =
relative"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 align=3Dleft>
  <TBODY>
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<TABLE style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" width=3D"100%">
  <TBODY>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>1</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD width=3D"100%">
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP1><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL1=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0001.htm');">Social Skills =
Programs: An=20
      Examination of Methods and Effectiveness</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC1 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Kelli Wilson=20
        <LI>Metropolitan State College of Denver =
</LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>2</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP2><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL2=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0004.htm');">Introduction</A></FONT></DI=
V>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC2 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To discuss and critique current research on social skills =
programs=20
          implemented within elementary schools and childcare settings=20
          <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>3</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP3><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL3=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0005.htm');">Definition of Social =

      Skills</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC3 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Specific behaviors that a student demonstrates in order to =
perform=20
        appropriately on a given social task (Lane, Menzies, =
Barton-Arwood,=20
        Doukas, &amp; Munton, 2005). </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>4</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP4><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL4=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0003.htm');">The Necessity for =
Social=20
      Skills Programs</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC4 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children with poor social skills are subjected to rejection =
by=20
        peers, which has been linked to:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Adult mental health disorders (Choi &amp; =
Heckenlaible-Gotto,=20
          1998)=20
          <LI>A desire to not attend school (Choi and Kim, 2003)=20
          <LI>Increased occurrence of drug and alcohol abuse (Evans, =
Axelrod,=20
          and Sapia, 2000). </LI></UL>
        <LI>Early intervention is key, because resistance to =
intervention=20
        efforts exhibited by children over the age of eight (Lane, =
2005).=20
        <BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>5</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP5><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL5=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0006.htm');">Theoretical=20
      Foundation</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC5 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Cognitive-social learning theory created by Albert Bandura=20
        <LI>Children learn to behave by observing the behaviors of those =
who=20
        surround them, especially those whom they view as powerful and=20
        successful (i.e. adults) (Poole, 2007).=20
        <LI>Social skills programs explicitly teach and model prosocial =
skills=20
        to children </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>6</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP6><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL6=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0007.htm');">A Cognitive-Social =
Learning=20
      Approach to Social Skill Training with Low-Status Preschool =
Children (Mize=20
      &amp; Ladd, 1990)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC6 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To improve the social status of preschool children =
identified as=20
          having low-skills and low-peer status </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>64 boys and 59 females=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recruited from 6 different childcare settings located in =
a small=20
            city in Northwestern Indiana=20
            <LI>Ranged between 4 to 5 years of age=20
            <LI>Predominantly Caucasian=20
      </LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>7</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP7><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL7=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0008.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC7 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Three methods were utilized to identify children with =
low-skill and=20
        low-peer status and measure the programs effectiveness=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Sociometric=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Identifies level of peer acceptance through questions, =
such as,=20
            =93Who do you like/not like to play with?=94 </LI></UL>
          <LI>Observation=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recorded the children=92s behaviors under 10 categories=20
            <UL>
              <LI>a) leading, making suggestions, b) asking questions, =
c)=20
              supporting, d) commenting, e) other positive interactions =
not=20
              falling under the previously listed categories, f) =
aggressive or=20
              unfriendly behavior, g) onlooker, h) non-social, not =
observing or=20
              interacting with peers, i) parallel play, and j) =
interacting=20
              solely with teacher </LI></UL></LI></UL>
          <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Children were asked how they would respond to the =
following=20
            three hypothetical situations: 1) a peer knocking down their =
block=20
            tower, 2) a peer teasing another classmate, and 3) how they =
would=20
            enter a play situation where two children were building with =
blocks=20
            and unused blocks were lying nearby.=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>8</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP8><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL8=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0009.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC8 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children identified as having low-peer status, as well as =
low scores=20
        regarding the prosocial skills they exhibited and/or high scores =

        regarding aversive behaviors qualified for intervention=20
        <UL>
          <LI>33 children were identified=20
          <UL>
            <LI>18 placed in treatment group=20
            <LI>15 placed in control group=20
      </LI></UL><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>9</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP9><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL9=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0010.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC9 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Mize led the social skills groups, which took place once a =
week, for=20
        eight weeks, each lasting 30-35 minutes=20
        <LI>Lesssons included:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Explicit teaching of social skills using a puppet=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Ex: How to join in play </LI></UL>
          <LI>Role playing with peers=20
          <LI>Recall what was learned=20
          <LI>Watching videos of children in play and identifying what =
social=20
          skills were used=20
          <LI>Provided play time with children (not in treatment or =
control=20
          group) and encouraged to use learned skills </LI></UL>
        <LI>Instructor spent 20 minutes in the classroom with children =
on two=20
        occasions, and provided children with reminders about what =
skills to use=20
        when opportunities arose. </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>10</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP10><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL10=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0012.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC10 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>All three post-tests were conducted 2 weeks after the social =
skills=20
        lessons concluded=20
        <LI>Observations=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group doubled in use of social skills=20
          <LI>Control group showed little change </LI></UL>
        <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group responses were slightly friendlier=20
          <LI>Control group responses were less friendly </LI></UL>
        <LI>Sociometric=20
        <UL>
          <LI>No change occurred for either group=20
          <LI>One month later conducted again and treatment group =
received more=20
          positive nominations and control group remained the same=20
          <UL>
            <LI>However attrition in control group occurred=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>11</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP11><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL11=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0018.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC11 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Blind researchers conducted all assessments=20
          <LI>Random assignment of participants=20
          <LI>Three assessments were utilized, which provided =
information about:=20

          <UL>
            <LI>Individual social deficits=20
            <LI>Level of peer acceptance=20
            <LI>Problem-solving processes </LI></UL></LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Lack of information about studies demographic composition =
(SES,=20
          male-to-female ratio)=20
          <LI>Attrition of control group affects the validity of the =
last=20
          sociometric assessment outcome=20
  <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>12</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP12><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL12=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0013.htm');">Classroom-Based =
Social Skills=20
      Training: Impact on Peer Acceptance of First-Grade Students (Choi =
&amp;=20
      Heckenlaible-Gotto, 1998)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC12 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Demonstrate how teachers can lead social skills groups in =
their=20
          primary classrooms, in order to increase the transferability =
and=20
          generalization of lessons </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Two 1<SUP>st</SUP> grade classrooms in the Midwest=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Treatment:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>13 students (7 girls, 6 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 3 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian </LI></UL>
            <LI>Control:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>12 students (5 girls, 7 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 2 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian=20
  </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>13</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP13><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL13=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0014.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC13 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>A sociometric assessment was conducted prior to and after =
the=20
        programs implementation=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Children rated the degree to which they like to =91play =
with=92 and=20
          =91work with=92 their classmates=20
          <LI>Children only rated their same sex peers </LI></UL>
        <LI>The teacher of the treatment group participated in two 1 =
hour=20
        training sessions=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Goals and procedures of lessons (individualization)=20
          <LI>Modeling, role playing, performance feedback, and transfer =
of=20
          training <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>14</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP14><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL14=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0015.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC14 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Implementation of the social skills program=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Primary teacher led the lessons, which were conducted =
twice a=20
          week, for thirty minutes at a time, for a total of four weeks. =

          <LI>Lessons included:=20
          <UL>
            <LI>One of the four teacher selected social skills=20
            <LI>Role-play by primary teacher and Choi, which related to=20
            real-life scenarios=20
            <LI>Visual reminders of problem solving steps=20
            <LI>Student role-play=20
            <LI>Feedback=20
            <LI>Students encouraged to provide alternate solutions=20
            =
<BR><BR><BR></LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>=

  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>15</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP15><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL15=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0016.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC15 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Treatment group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Significant improvements in peer nominations for =91work =
with=92=20
          category=20
          <LI>23% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with=92 =
category=20
          </LI></UL>
        <LI>Control group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>17% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with =
category=20
          <LI>Twice as many children declined in their social status, in =

          comparison to treatment children =
</LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>16</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP16><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL16=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0017.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC16 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Pretest/posttest control group design=20
          <LI>Treatment and control group were demographically similar =
</LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Use of only one assessment (sociometric), which does not =
provide=20
          information individual social deficits or actual skill =
increase=20
          <LI>Small sample size that does not reflect population=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>17</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP17><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL17=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0019.htm');">Overall Results of =
Literature=20
      Review</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC17 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Social skills programs are effective in improving most =
children=92s=20
        prosocial behaviors=20
        <LI>Peer acceptance is often not altered immediately following =
treatment=20

        <LI>Programs that lack individualization are least effective in=20
        promoting positive change in children who exhibit maladaptive =
behaviors=20
        and are rejected by their peers =
</LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>18</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP18><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL18=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0021.htm');">Summary and=20
      Conclusion</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC18 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Individualization, generalization, and transferability is =
necessary=20
        for improving behaviors of children with social deficits=20
        <LI>Parental and primary teacher involvement increases=20
        individualization, generalization, and transferability=20
        <LI>Sociometric assessments do not provide information about =
children=20
        social deficits or reasons for peer rejection=20
        <LI>Long-term assessments need to be conducted to assess =
retention=20
        <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>19</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP19><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL19=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0020.htm');">References</A></FONT></DIV>=

      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC19 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Choi, D., &amp; Kim, J. (2003). Practicing social skills =
training=20
        for young children with low peer acceptance: A cognitive-social =
learning=20
        model. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 41-46.=20
        <LI>Choi, H., &amp; Heckenlaible-Gotto, M. (1998). =
Classroom-based=20
        social skills training: Impact on peer acceptance of first-grade =

        students. The Journal of Educational Research, 91, 209-214.=20
        <LI>Evans, S., Axelrod, J., &amp; Sapia, J. (2000). Effective=20
        school-based mental health interventions: Advancing the social =
skills=20
        training paradigm. Journal of School Health, 70, 191-193.=20
        <LI>Lane, K., Menzies, H., Barton-Arwood, S., Doukas, G., &amp; =
Munton,=20
        S. (2005). Designing, implementing, and evaluating social skills =

        interventions for elementary students: Step-by-step procedures =
based on=20
        actual school-based investigation. Preventing School Failure, =
49, 18-26.=20

        <LI>Mize, J., &amp; Ladd, G. (1990). A cognitive-social learning =

        approach to social skill training with low-status preschool =
children.=20
        Developmental Psychology, 26, 388-397.=20
        <LI>Poole, D., Warren, A., &amp; Nunez, N. (2007). The story of =
human=20
        development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.=20
      </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
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    <TD width=3D"100%">
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP1><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL1=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0001.htm');">Social Skills =
Programs: An=20
      Examination of Methods and Effectiveness</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC1 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Kelli Wilson=20
        <LI>Metropolitan State College of Denver =
</LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>2</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP2><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL2=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0004.htm');">Introduction</A></FONT></DI=
V>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC2 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To discuss and critique current research on social skills =
programs=20
          implemented within elementary schools and childcare settings=20
          <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>3</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP3><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL3=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0005.htm');">Definition of Social =

      Skills</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC3 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Specific behaviors that a student demonstrates in order to =
perform=20
        appropriately on a given social task (Lane, Menzies, =
Barton-Arwood,=20
        Doukas, &amp; Munton, 2005). </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>4</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP4><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL4=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0003.htm');">The Necessity for =
Social=20
      Skills Programs</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC4 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children with poor social skills are subjected to rejection =
by=20
        peers, which has been linked to:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Adult mental health disorders (Choi &amp; =
Heckenlaible-Gotto,=20
          1998)=20
          <LI>A desire to not attend school (Choi and Kim, 2003)=20
          <LI>Increased occurrence of drug and alcohol abuse (Evans, =
Axelrod,=20
          and Sapia, 2000). </LI></UL>
        <LI>Early intervention is key, because resistance to =
intervention=20
        efforts exhibited by children over the age of eight (Lane, =
2005).=20
        <BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>5</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP5><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL5=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0006.htm');">Theoretical=20
      Foundation</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC5 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Cognitive-social learning theory created by Albert Bandura=20
        <LI>Children learn to behave by observing the behaviors of those =
who=20
        surround them, especially those whom they view as powerful and=20
        successful (i.e. adults) (Poole, 2007).=20
        <LI>Social skills programs explicitly teach and model prosocial =
skills=20
        to children </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>6</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP6><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL6=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0007.htm');">A Cognitive-Social =
Learning=20
      Approach to Social Skill Training with Low-Status Preschool =
Children (Mize=20
      &amp; Ladd, 1990)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC6 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To improve the social status of preschool children =
identified as=20
          having low-skills and low-peer status </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>64 boys and 59 females=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recruited from 6 different childcare settings located in =
a small=20
            city in Northwestern Indiana=20
            <LI>Ranged between 4 to 5 years of age=20
            <LI>Predominantly Caucasian=20
      </LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>7</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP7><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL7=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0008.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC7 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Three methods were utilized to identify children with =
low-skill and=20
        low-peer status and measure the programs effectiveness=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Sociometric=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Identifies level of peer acceptance through questions, =
such as,=20
            =93Who do you like/not like to play with?=94 </LI></UL>
          <LI>Observation=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recorded the children=92s behaviors under 10 categories=20
            <UL>
              <LI>a) leading, making suggestions, b) asking questions, =
c)=20
              supporting, d) commenting, e) other positive interactions =
not=20
              falling under the previously listed categories, f) =
aggressive or=20
              unfriendly behavior, g) onlooker, h) non-social, not =
observing or=20
              interacting with peers, i) parallel play, and j) =
interacting=20
              solely with teacher </LI></UL></LI></UL>
          <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Children were asked how they would respond to the =
following=20
            three hypothetical situations: 1) a peer knocking down their =
block=20
            tower, 2) a peer teasing another classmate, and 3) how they =
would=20
            enter a play situation where two children were building with =
blocks=20
            and unused blocks were lying nearby.=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>8</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP8><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL8=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0009.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC8 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children identified as having low-peer status, as well as =
low scores=20
        regarding the prosocial skills they exhibited and/or high scores =

        regarding aversive behaviors qualified for intervention=20
        <UL>
          <LI>33 children were identified=20
          <UL>
            <LI>18 placed in treatment group=20
            <LI>15 placed in control group=20
      </LI></UL><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>9</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP9><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL9=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0010.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC9 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Mize led the social skills groups, which took place once a =
week, for=20
        eight weeks, each lasting 30-35 minutes=20
        <LI>Lesssons included:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Explicit teaching of social skills using a puppet=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Ex: How to join in play </LI></UL>
          <LI>Role playing with peers=20
          <LI>Recall what was learned=20
          <LI>Watching videos of children in play and identifying what =
social=20
          skills were used=20
          <LI>Provided play time with children (not in treatment or =
control=20
          group) and encouraged to use learned skills </LI></UL>
        <LI>Instructor spent 20 minutes in the classroom with children =
on two=20
        occasions, and provided children with reminders about what =
skills to use=20
        when opportunities arose. </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>10</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP10><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL10=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0012.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC10 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>All three post-tests were conducted 2 weeks after the social =
skills=20
        lessons concluded=20
        <LI>Observations=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group doubled in use of social skills=20
          <LI>Control group showed little change </LI></UL>
        <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group responses were slightly friendlier=20
          <LI>Control group responses were less friendly </LI></UL>
        <LI>Sociometric=20
        <UL>
          <LI>No change occurred for either group=20
          <LI>One month later conducted again and treatment group =
received more=20
          positive nominations and control group remained the same=20
          <UL>
            <LI>However attrition in control group occurred=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>11</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP11><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL11=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0018.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC11 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Blind researchers conducted all assessments=20
          <LI>Random assignment of participants=20
          <LI>Three assessments were utilized, which provided =
information about:=20

          <UL>
            <LI>Individual social deficits=20
            <LI>Level of peer acceptance=20
            <LI>Problem-solving processes </LI></UL></LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Lack of information about studies demographic composition =
(SES,=20
          male-to-female ratio)=20
          <LI>Attrition of control group affects the validity of the =
last=20
          sociometric assessment outcome=20
  <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>12</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP12><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL12=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0013.htm');">Classroom-Based =
Social Skills=20
      Training: Impact on Peer Acceptance of First-Grade Students (Choi =
&amp;=20
      Heckenlaible-Gotto, 1998)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC12 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Demonstrate how teachers can lead social skills groups in =
their=20
          primary classrooms, in order to increase the transferability =
and=20
          generalization of lessons </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Two 1<SUP>st</SUP> grade classrooms in the Midwest=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Treatment:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>13 students (7 girls, 6 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 3 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian </LI></UL>
            <LI>Control:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>12 students (5 girls, 7 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 2 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian=20
  </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>13</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP13><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL13=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0014.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC13 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>A sociometric assessment was conducted prior to and after =
the=20
        programs implementation=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Children rated the degree to which they like to =91play =
with=92 and=20
          =91work with=92 their classmates=20
          <LI>Children only rated their same sex peers </LI></UL>
        <LI>The teacher of the treatment group participated in two 1 =
hour=20
        training sessions=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Goals and procedures of lessons (individualization)=20
          <LI>Modeling, role playing, performance feedback, and transfer =
of=20
          training <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>14</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP14><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL14=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0015.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC14 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Implementation of the social skills program=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Primary teacher led the lessons, which were conducted =
twice a=20
          week, for thirty minutes at a time, for a total of four weeks. =

          <LI>Lessons included:=20
          <UL>
            <LI>One of the four teacher selected social skills=20
            <LI>Role-play by primary teacher and Choi, which related to=20
            real-life scenarios=20
            <LI>Visual reminders of problem solving steps=20
            <LI>Student role-play=20
            <LI>Feedback=20
            <LI>Students encouraged to provide alternate solutions=20
            =
<BR><BR><BR></LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>=

  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>15</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP15><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL15=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0016.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC15 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Treatment group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Significant improvements in peer nominations for =91work =
with=92=20
          category=20
          <LI>23% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with=92 =
category=20
          </LI></UL>
        <LI>Control group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>17% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with =
category=20
          <LI>Twice as many children declined in their social status, in =

          comparison to treatment children =
</LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>16</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP16><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL16=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0017.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC16 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Pretest/posttest control group design=20
          <LI>Treatment and control group were demographically similar =
</LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Use of only one assessment (sociometric), which does not =
provide=20
          information individual social deficits or actual skill =
increase=20
          <LI>Small sample size that does not reflect population=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>17</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP17><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL17=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0019.htm');">Overall Results of =
Literature=20
      Review</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC17 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Social skills programs are effective in improving most =
children=92s=20
        prosocial behaviors=20
        <LI>Peer acceptance is often not altered immediately following =
treatment=20

        <LI>Programs that lack individualization are least effective in=20
        promoting positive change in children who exhibit maladaptive =
behaviors=20
        and are rejected by their peers =
</LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>18</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP18><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL18=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0021.htm');">Summary and=20
      Conclusion</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC18 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Individualization, generalization, and transferability is =
necessary=20
        for improving behaviors of children with social deficits=20
        <LI>Parental and primary teacher involvement increases=20
        individualization, generalization, and transferability=20
        <LI>Sociometric assessments do not provide information about =
children=20
        social deficits or reasons for peer rejection=20
        <LI>Long-term assessments need to be conducted to assess =
retention=20
        <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>19</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP19><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL19=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0020.htm');">References</A></FONT></DIV>=

      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC19 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Choi, D., &amp; Kim, J. (2003). Practicing social skills =
training=20
        for young children with low peer acceptance: A cognitive-social =
learning=20
        model. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 41-46.=20
        <LI>Choi, H., &amp; Heckenlaible-Gotto, M. (1998). =
Classroom-based=20
        social skills training: Impact on peer acceptance of first-grade =

        students. The Journal of Educational Research, 91, 209-214.=20
        <LI>Evans, S., Axelrod, J., &amp; Sapia, J. (2000). Effective=20
        school-based mental health interventions: Advancing the social =
skills=20
        training paradigm. Journal of School Health, 70, 191-193.=20
        <LI>Lane, K., Menzies, H., Barton-Arwood, S., Doukas, G., &amp; =
Munton,=20
        S. (2005). Designing, implementing, and evaluating social skills =

        interventions for elementary students: Step-by-step procedures =
based on=20
        actual school-based investigation. Preventing School Failure, =
49, 18-26.=20

        <LI>Mize, J., &amp; Ladd, G. (1990). A cognitive-social learning =

        approach to social skill training with low-status preschool =
children.=20
        Developmental Psychology, 26, 388-397.=20
        <LI>Poole, D., Warren, A., &amp; Nunez, N. (2007). The story of =
human=20
        development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.=20
      </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><A=20
href=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/mas=
ter18.htm"></A><A=20
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ter18.xml"></A><A=20
href=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/pre=
view.wmf"></A><A=20
href=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/mas=
ter19.htm"></A><A=20
href=3D"http://clem.mscd.edu/~sandersc/4960%20ppt%20example%202_files/mas=
ter19.xml"></A><A=20
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      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP1><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL1=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0001.htm');">Social Skills =
Programs: An=20
      Examination of Methods and Effectiveness</A></FONT></DIV>
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      <UL>
        <LI>Kelli Wilson=20
        <LI>Metropolitan State College of Denver =
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href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0004.htm');">Introduction</A></FONT></DI=
V>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC2 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To discuss and critique current research on social skills =
programs=20
          implemented within elementary schools and childcare settings=20
          <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>3</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP3><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL3=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0005.htm');">Definition of Social =

      Skills</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC3 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Specific behaviors that a student demonstrates in order to =
perform=20
        appropriately on a given social task (Lane, Menzies, =
Barton-Arwood,=20
        Doukas, &amp; Munton, 2005). </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>4</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP4><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL4=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0003.htm');">The Necessity for =
Social=20
      Skills Programs</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC4 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children with poor social skills are subjected to rejection =
by=20
        peers, which has been linked to:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Adult mental health disorders (Choi &amp; =
Heckenlaible-Gotto,=20
          1998)=20
          <LI>A desire to not attend school (Choi and Kim, 2003)=20
          <LI>Increased occurrence of drug and alcohol abuse (Evans, =
Axelrod,=20
          and Sapia, 2000). </LI></UL>
        <LI>Early intervention is key, because resistance to =
intervention=20
        efforts exhibited by children over the age of eight (Lane, =
2005).=20
        <BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>5</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP5><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL5=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0006.htm');">Theoretical=20
      Foundation</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC5 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Cognitive-social learning theory created by Albert Bandura=20
        <LI>Children learn to behave by observing the behaviors of those =
who=20
        surround them, especially those whom they view as powerful and=20
        successful (i.e. adults) (Poole, 2007).=20
        <LI>Social skills programs explicitly teach and model prosocial =
skills=20
        to children </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>6</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP6><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL6=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0007.htm');">A Cognitive-Social =
Learning=20
      Approach to Social Skill Training with Low-Status Preschool =
Children (Mize=20
      &amp; Ladd, 1990)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC6 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>To improve the social status of preschool children =
identified as=20
          having low-skills and low-peer status </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>64 boys and 59 females=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recruited from 6 different childcare settings located in =
a small=20
            city in Northwestern Indiana=20
            <LI>Ranged between 4 to 5 years of age=20
            <LI>Predominantly Caucasian=20
      </LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>7</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP7><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL7=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0008.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC7 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Three methods were utilized to identify children with =
low-skill and=20
        low-peer status and measure the programs effectiveness=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Sociometric=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Identifies level of peer acceptance through questions, =
such as,=20
            =93Who do you like/not like to play with?=94 </LI></UL>
          <LI>Observation=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Recorded the children=92s behaviors under 10 categories=20
            <UL>
              <LI>a) leading, making suggestions, b) asking questions, =
c)=20
              supporting, d) commenting, e) other positive interactions =
not=20
              falling under the previously listed categories, f) =
aggressive or=20
              unfriendly behavior, g) onlooker, h) non-social, not =
observing or=20
              interacting with peers, i) parallel play, and j) =
interacting=20
              solely with teacher </LI></UL></LI></UL>
          <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Children were asked how they would respond to the =
following=20
            three hypothetical situations: 1) a peer knocking down their =
block=20
            tower, 2) a peer teasing another classmate, and 3) how they =
would=20
            enter a play situation where two children were building with =
blocks=20
            and unused blocks were lying nearby.=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>8</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP8><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL8=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0009.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC8 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Children identified as having low-peer status, as well as =
low scores=20
        regarding the prosocial skills they exhibited and/or high scores =

        regarding aversive behaviors qualified for intervention=20
        <UL>
          <LI>33 children were identified=20
          <UL>
            <LI>18 placed in treatment group=20
            <LI>15 placed in control group=20
      </LI></UL><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>9</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP9><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL9=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0010.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC9 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Mize led the social skills groups, which took place once a =
week, for=20
        eight weeks, each lasting 30-35 minutes=20
        <LI>Lesssons included:=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Explicit teaching of social skills using a puppet=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Ex: How to join in play </LI></UL>
          <LI>Role playing with peers=20
          <LI>Recall what was learned=20
          <LI>Watching videos of children in play and identifying what =
social=20
          skills were used=20
          <LI>Provided play time with children (not in treatment or =
control=20
          group) and encouraged to use learned skills </LI></UL>
        <LI>Instructor spent 20 minutes in the classroom with children =
on two=20
        occasions, and provided children with reminders about what =
skills to use=20
        when opportunities arose. </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>10</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP10><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL10=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0012.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC10 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>All three post-tests were conducted 2 weeks after the social =
skills=20
        lessons concluded=20
        <LI>Observations=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group doubled in use of social skills=20
          <LI>Control group showed little change </LI></UL>
        <LI>Social Knowledge Assessment=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Treatment group responses were slightly friendlier=20
          <LI>Control group responses were less friendly </LI></UL>
        <LI>Sociometric=20
        <UL>
          <LI>No change occurred for either group=20
          <LI>One month later conducted again and treatment group =
received more=20
          positive nominations and control group remained the same=20
          <UL>
            <LI>However attrition in control group occurred=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>11</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP11><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL11=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0018.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC11 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Blind researchers conducted all assessments=20
          <LI>Random assignment of participants=20
          <LI>Three assessments were utilized, which provided =
information about:=20

          <UL>
            <LI>Individual social deficits=20
            <LI>Level of peer acceptance=20
            <LI>Problem-solving processes </LI></UL></LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Lack of information about studies demographic composition =
(SES,=20
          male-to-female ratio)=20
          <LI>Attrition of control group affects the validity of the =
last=20
          sociometric assessment outcome=20
  <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>12</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP12><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL12=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0013.htm');">Classroom-Based =
Social Skills=20
      Training: Impact on Peer Acceptance of First-Grade Students (Choi =
&amp;=20
      Heckenlaible-Gotto, 1998)</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC12 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Purpose=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Demonstrate how teachers can lead social skills groups in =
their=20
          primary classrooms, in order to increase the transferability =
and=20
          generalization of lessons </LI></UL>
        <LI>Participants=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Two 1<SUP>st</SUP> grade classrooms in the Midwest=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Treatment:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>13 students (7 girls, 6 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 3 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian </LI></UL>
            <LI>Control:=20
            <UL>
              <LI>12 students (5 girls, 7 boys)=20
              <LI>Mean age of 7 years 2 months=20
              <LI>All Caucasian=20
  </LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>13</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP13><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL13=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0014.htm');">Methodologies</A></FONT></D=
IV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC13 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>A sociometric assessment was conducted prior to and after =
the=20
        programs implementation=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Children rated the degree to which they like to =91play =
with=92 and=20
          =91work with=92 their classmates=20
          <LI>Children only rated their same sex peers </LI></UL>
        <LI>The teacher of the treatment group participated in two 1 =
hour=20
        training sessions=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Goals and procedures of lessons (individualization)=20
          <LI>Modeling, role playing, performance feedback, and transfer =
of=20
          training <BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>14</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP14><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL14=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0015.htm');">Methodologies=20
      continued</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC14 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Implementation of the social skills program=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Primary teacher led the lessons, which were conducted =
twice a=20
          week, for thirty minutes at a time, for a total of four weeks. =

          <LI>Lessons included:=20
          <UL>
            <LI>One of the four teacher selected social skills=20
            <LI>Role-play by primary teacher and Choi, which related to=20
            real-life scenarios=20
            <LI>Visual reminders of problem solving steps=20
            <LI>Student role-play=20
            <LI>Feedback=20
            <LI>Students encouraged to provide alternate solutions=20
            =
<BR><BR><BR></LI></UL><BR><BR></LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>=

  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>15</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP15><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL15=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0016.htm');">Results</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC15 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Treatment group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Significant improvements in peer nominations for =91work =
with=92=20
          category=20
          <LI>23% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with=92 =
category=20
          </LI></UL>
        <LI>Control group=20
        <UL>
          <LI>17% acquired more peer nominations in the =91play with =
category=20
          <LI>Twice as many children declined in their social status, in =

          comparison to treatment children =
</LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>16</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP16><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL16=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0017.htm');">Critique</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC16 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Strengths=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Pretest/posttest control group design=20
          <LI>Treatment and control group were demographically similar =
</LI></UL>
        <LI>Weaknesses=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Use of only one assessment (sociometric), which does not =
provide=20
          information individual social deficits or actual skill =
increase=20
          <LI>Small sample size that does not reflect population=20
      </LI></UL></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>17</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP17><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL17=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0019.htm');">Overall Results of =
Literature=20
      Review</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC17 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Social skills programs are effective in improving most =
children=92s=20
        prosocial behaviors=20
        <LI>Peer acceptance is often not altered immediately following =
treatment=20

        <LI>Programs that lack individualization are least effective in=20
        promoting positive change in children who exhibit maladaptive =
behaviors=20
        and are rejected by their peers =
</LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>18</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP18><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL18=20
      href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0021.htm');">Summary and=20
      Conclusion</A></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC18 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Individualization, generalization, and transferability is =
necessary=20
        for improving behaviors of children with social deficits=20
        <LI>Parental and primary teacher involvement increases=20
        individualization, generalization, and transferability=20
        <LI>Sociometric assessments do not provide information about =
children=20
        social deficits or reasons for peer rejection=20
        <LI>Long-term assessments need to be conducted to assess =
retention=20
        <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR onmouseover=3DOver(this) style=3D"CURSOR: hand" =
onclick=3DFollow(this)=20
  onmouseout=3DOut(this)>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright>
      <DIV class=3DsldNum><FONT size=3D2>19</FONT></DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV class=3DPTxt id=3DPPTP19><FONT size=3D2><A id=3DPPTL19=20
      =
href=3D"javascript:GoToSld('slide0020.htm');">References</A></FONT></DIV>=

      <DIV class=3DCTxt id=3DPPTC19 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"><FONT =
size=3D2>
      <UL>
        <LI>Choi, D., &amp; Kim, J. (2003). Practicing social skills =
training=20
        for young children with low peer acceptance: A cognitive-social =
learning=20
        model. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 41-46.=20
        <LI>Choi, H., &amp; Heckenlaible-Gotto, M. (1998). =
Classroom-based=20
        social skills training: Impact on peer acceptance of first-grade =

        students. The Journal of Educational Research, 91, 209-214.=20
        <LI>Evans, S., Axelrod, J., &amp; Sapia, J. (2000). Effective=20
        school-based mental health interventions: Advancing the social =
skills=20
        training paradigm. Journal of School Health, 70, 191-193.=20
        <LI>Lane, K., Menzies, H., Barton-Arwood, S., Doukas, G., &amp; =
Munton,=20
        S. (2005). Designing, implementing, and evaluating social skills =

        interventions for elementary students: Step-by-step procedures =
based on=20
        actual school-based investigation. Preventing School Failure, =
49, 18-26.=20

        <LI>Mize, J., &amp; Ladd, G. (1990). A cognitive-social learning =

        approach to social skill training with low-status preschool =
children.=20
        Developmental Psychology, 26, 388-397.=20
        <LI>Poole, D., Warren, A., &amp; Nunez, N. (2007). The story of =
human=20
        development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.=20
      </LI></UL></FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
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