Dr. Linda Lockwood
Behavioral
Neuroscience
Brain
Anatomy
Meninges
Dura
Mater-”hard mother”
Arachnoid
Pia
Mater
Ventricular System
Function
Components
Lateral
Ventricles
Third
Ventricle
Cerebral
Aqueduct
Fourth
Ventricle
Cerebrospinal
Fluid
Development of the
CNS
Neural
Tube
Chambers
become ventricles
Tissue
becomes three major parts
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Telencephalon
Cortex
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Basal
Ganglia
Caudate
Putamen
Limbic
System
Amygdala
hippocampus
Diencephalon
Thalamus
massa
intermedia
major
projection area to cortex
made up of
numerous nuclei
Hypothalamus
Also made
up of numerous nuclei
regulates
hormones
regulates
the four F’s
Midbrain
Tectum “roof”
superior
colliculi
inferior
colliculi
Tegmentum
Reticular
Formation
Periaqueductal
Gray
Red Nucleu
Substantia
Nigra
Hindbrain
Metencephalon
Pons
Cerebellum
Myelencephalon
Medulla
Spinal Cord
Function
Four
Sections
Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
1-Olfactory (s)
2-Optic (s)
3-Oculomotor (m)
4-Trochlear (m)
5-Trigeminal (s&m)
6-Abducens (m)
7-Facial (s&m)
8-Auditory (s)
9-Glossopharyngeal (s&m)
10-Vagus (s&m)
11-Spinal Accessory (m)
12-Hypoglossal (m)
Peripheral Nervous
System
Sympathetic vs.
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
found in
lumbar and thoracic regions
form
sympathetic chain
all
synapses are ACh from pre to post ganglionic cells
synapses
onto target organs are NE
Parasympathetic
found in
cervical and sacral region
all
synapses are ACh from pre to post ganglionic cells
synapses
onto target organs are ACh
1. Be able to describe the division of the CNS and PNS.
2. Name and describe the major anatomical structures of the forebrain and indicate their function.
3. Name and describe the function of the structures of the midbrain and hindbrain.
4. Describe the structure, subdivisions, and functions of the spinal cord.
5. Describe the components and function of the peripheral nervous system, including the spinal and cranial nerves (include their classification as motor or sensory), and the autonomic nervous system.
6. Know the meninges, their role, and simple structure.
7. Describe the ventricles and the
flow of CSF.
1. A two part question worth . . . 4 points
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) is produced by the __________ _________ and the CSF is located in the?
A. Lateral Ventricles
B. Third Ventricle
C. Fourth Ventricle
D. All of the Above
E. Only two of the answers are correct
2. Which structure of the limbic system has been shown to be critical in the intense emotions of fear, anxiety, anger and aggression?
A. Caudate
B. Thalamus
C. Putamen
D. Amygdala
E. Hippocampus
3. The Meninges cover the brain in which order (from brain surface to skull)?
A. Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia-mater
B. Dura mater, Pia-mater, Arachnoid
C. Arachnoid, Pia-mater, Dura mater
D. Pia-mater, Arachnoid, Dura mater
4. In the movie "Split Brain", what was the reason for the surgical disconnection of the right and left hemispheres at the corpus callosum?
A. Sociopathic tendencies
B. Arachnophobia
C. Epilepsy
D. "Just say no" was no longer in the patients vocabulary
E. Urinary Incontinence
5. Which answer below is the correct flow of CSF?
A. Subarachnoid space to Lateral ventricles to third ventricle to cerebral aqueduct to fourth ventricle to cerebral canal of the spinal cord
B. Lateral ventricles to fourth ventricle to third ventricle to subarachnoid space and to the cerebral canal of the spinal cord
C. Third ventricle to fourth ventricle to cerebral aqueduct to cerebral canal of the spinal cord to the subarachnoid space to the lateral ventricles
D. The lateral ventricles to the third ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space to the central canal of the spinal cord
6. For each of the following, give the common name for the nerve, state whether it is sensory or motor or both, and indicate the region that it serves:
Cranial Nerve I
Cranial Nerve IX
Cranial Nerve VIII
Cranial Nerve II
Cranial Nerve VI
Cranial Nerve XII
7. List the lobes of the brain and give one function for each?
8.. List 5 of the major internal structures of a typical neuron cell body.
9. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces what substance?
A. Fats
B. Proteins
C. Neurotransmitters
D. Ribosomes
E. None of the Above
10. How many layers are there in the Neo-Cortex?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. Who do we appreciate?
11. The Basal Ganglia is located in which division of the Brain?
A. Mesencephalon
B. Metencephalon
C. Diencephalon
D. Telencephalon
E. None of the Above
12. The Amygdala, Caudate, Putamen and Globus Pallidus are all part of which brain structure?
A. Thalamus
B. Cerebral Cortex
C. Cerebellum
D. Limbic System
E. Basil Ganglia
13. Briefly describe the functions of the hypothalamus.
14. List the structures of the hindbrain as discussed in class and give the primary function for each.
1. Choroid Plexus and D
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. notes
7. notes
8. notes
9. B
10. C
11. C
12. E
13. notes
14. Notes
1. Assume that you roller-blade in your leisure time and using the following table, identify whether the specific brain areas would be involved in roller-blading. If you believe they are, describe how they might be involved in your leisure-time activity.
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Pituitary
Occipital Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Reticular Formation
Corpus Callosum
Medulla
Thalamus
2. An elderly relative has had stroke. Predict at least 3 behavioral symptoms if the stroke damage is localized to:
Frontal Lobes
Temporal Lobes
Occipital Lobes
Parietal Lobes
Hippocampus
Motor Cortex of the Left Hemisphere
Sensory Cortex of the Right Hemisphere
Cerebellum
3. Animals across the evolutionary scale have brains that are very different from one another. Discuss what these differences are and why they may occur.
4. When is the brain the most sensitive to teratogens and which teratogens have been shown to have the most devastating effects on the brain?
5. Describe the anatomical and behavioral differences of a child born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
This
is a site which allows you to view various "slices of brain tissue"
both in dissection format and by MRI.
This
site allows you to look at 3D images of the brain and very brief
movies which show internal and external structures of the brain
This
site contains slides of various slices of brain and spinal cord
sections. This site is particularly nice because you can choose to
view the slides with labels or without labels of important
structures.
This
site contains information on development and the divisions of the
brain. This is a fairly elementary look at the structures of the
brain and is a good starting place for the beginning neuroanatomist.
This
site contains pictures and descriptions of the sheep brain
dissection. Parts of it have been used to create the sheep brain
dissection guide you will use during your dissections in class.
This
site contains stained slides of various areas of the brain and the
sensory organs. This is a nice site, because it allows you to view
slides by the systems which they belong to (ie: you can view the
visual pathway-slide by slide).