1. After World War II, why did the Belgian government and the Catholic Church favor the creation of a `Hutu counter-elite' to balance off Belgian's traditional relations with the Tutsi elite that they had formerly helped create?

2. What was the journal Kinyamateka? What role did it play in the 1950s?

3. a. Who was Gregoire Kayibanda?
    b. What role did he play before 1962?
    c. What role did he play after 1962?

4. In 1957, a group of Hutu intellectuals published a document called Notes on the Social Aspect of the Racial Native Problem in Rwanda, or, as it was sometimes called the Hutu (or Bahutu) Manifesto. What were the main ideas in this document?

5. Who was Chief Bwanakweri? Why was it that Tutsi moderates (those who wanted to share power with the Hutus) were singularly unsuccessful in their efforts to build a Tutsi-Hutu combined power base?

6. What was the program of the Union Nationale Rwandiase (UNAR)? Who were the main forces in that organization?

7. The Hutus formed two political parties in the 1950s - APROSOMA and PARMEHUTU. The former was based in the south of Rwanda, the latter drew its support from the north of the country. Why was it that PARMEHUTU pursued a much more radical anti-Tutsi line than did APROSOMA?

8. Who was Colonel Logiest? What role did he play in the 1959-1962 events in Rwanda?

9. What role did Belgium play to reduce the ethnic tensions and killings of Tutsis that accompanied the October 1960 Rwanda elections?

10. What role did the United Nations play in the Rwandese events of 1959-1962?

11. What was the fate of the Tutsi monarchy?

12. Compare the Kayibanda presidency with the former Tutsi monarch?

13. What was the essence of Kayibanda's policy towards the Tutsi?

14. In 1972-3, Kayibanda organized witch hunts against the Tutsi.
       a. Why?
       b. What was the result?

15. What role did Juvenal Habyarimana play in the events of 1972-3?

16. How did Habyarimana achieve political stability in Rwanda from 1984-1989?

17. What were the similarities and differences between Kayiband and Habyrarimana's Tutsi policy?

18. How is it that over 15 years, from 1974-1989, that the Habyarimana government slowly lost support from the people of Rwanda (ie. What policies did he institute that eroded his base?)

19. What were the foundations of wealth in Rwanda during the Habyarimana period?

20. How did the Tutsi-Hutu relations evolve between 1974-1989?

21. What economic conditions of the late 1980s threw the Rwandese Hutu elite into a panic?

22. What was the `clan de madame'? Why did it play such a pivoltal role of `hidden power' during the Habyarimana years?

23. What was the Mayuya Affair? Why was it `the spark which inginted the power-keg' within the Rwandan Hutu elite?

24. Why did Tutsi exiles in Uganda form the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RFP)?

25. What was the Fashoda Syndrome and how did it influence French policy in Africa in general and towards Tutsi-Hutu relations in Rwanda in specific. (see pages 102-107)

26. In late 1990, the first signs of what was to come in 1994 were manifested by the Habyarimana government. What steps towards genocide were taken in that period. (see pages 108-111)

27. Between 1990-1994, the nature of the Rwandan Army changed rather dramatically. How so? (see pp. 113-114)

28. 1990 also mars the re-appearance of multi-party politics in Rwanda (see pp. 121-126)
       a. What international influences affected this process?
       b. What domestic considerations led to the rise of this opposition?
       c. How did the Habyarimana regime characterize this new opposition?

29. A series of Hutu massacres of Tutsis actually began already in 1991. What percipitated them at the time? (see pp. 135-144)

30. In 1992 an organization called the Coalition pour la Defense de la Republique (CDR) was formed. What was the role that it would play over the next three years?

31. Why did the Habryarimana government agree to enter into the Arusha negotiations with Tutsi rebels in the first place?

32. In reality, Habyarimana pursued a two-track strategy towards the Arusha peace process, one a public approach, one a secret approach. What were the two approaches?

33. According the Arusha Accords, how would Rwand have been restructured (had it been implimented)?

34. Who in Rwanda were most adamently opposed to the implementation of the Arusha Accords?

35. Why is it highly unlikely that President Habyarimana's airplane was shot down by RPF rebels?

36. Who specifically (which organization) organized the genocide in Rwanda in 1994?

37. What is the evidence that the genocide of April 1994 was planned in advance?

38. Who were the interhamwe? What role did this organization play in the genocide?

39. What role did the Rwandan government in power at the time of the genocide play in the genocide?

40. Who were the main victims of the genocide?

41. What were the main patterns of the killing?

42. What happened to the peretrators of the Rwanda genocide?